The MT-treated fruit samples, in contrast to the control groups within both cultivars, revealed heightened activity for antioxidant enzymes (SOD and APX) along with elevated PAL activity, and increased expression of their corresponding genes. MT treatment's effect, however, varied according to the type of cultivar being studied, across most evaluated parameters. These findings highlight MT treatment's significance as a postharvest method for minimizing decay, maintaining mango quality, and increasing postharvest shelf life, all by improving physiological and metabolic processes during cold storage.
A pivotal aspect of food safety protocols involves the detection of Escherichia coli O157H7, encompassing both its active and its dormant viable but non-culturable state. Methods rooted in conventional cultural practices are protracted, costly, arduous, and ineffective in pinpointing the presence of viable but non-culturable bacteria (VBNC). Thus, a requirement exists to develop a fast, uncomplicated, and cost-effective procedure for differentiating between active and inactive E. coli O157H7, and to detect VBNC cells. The implementation of recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) with propidium monoazide (PMAxx) in this work enabled the detection of viable E. coli O157H7. Two primer sets, designed to target the distinct genes rfbE and stx, were chosen initially. DNA amplification was subsequently performed utilizing RPA, combined with PMAxx treatment, and concluded using a lateral flow assay (LFA). In the subsequent analysis, the rfbE gene target was found to be more effective at preventing amplification from dead cells, thereby specifically identifying only live E. coli O157H7. Applying the assay to spiked commercial beverages, specifically milk, apple juice, and drinking water, resulted in a detection limit of 102 CFU/mL for viable but non-culturable (VBNC) E. coli O157H7. The assay's potency was unaffected by pH levels fluctuating between 3 and 11. The PMAxx-RPA-LFA was completed within 40 minutes at a controlled temperature of 39 degrees Celsius. This study introduces a method to determine viable bacterial counts; it is swift, strong, trustworthy, and consistent. The optimized testing procedure, in its entirety, has the capacity to be utilized by the food and beverage industry for quality assurance purposes related to E. coli O157H7.
High-quality proteins, essential vitamins, critical minerals, and advantageous polyunsaturated fatty acids are significant nutritional components present in fish and fishery products, contributing substantially to human health. The fish farming and processing industries are constantly innovating to boost the visual appeal, output, and quality of fish and fish products, from aquaculture to consumer plates, encompassing all stages of the supply chain, from growth to delivery. The fish processing cycle includes the period of food deprivation, collection, and transportation; this is followed by stunning, bleeding, cooling, cutting, packaging, and the recycling of any associated byproducts. Fish processing frequently relies on precise cutting techniques to segment a whole fish into smaller parts, which may include fillets and steaks. Innovative techniques and sophisticated machinery have been implemented to automate and advance cutting operations in this field. Machine vision, artificial intelligence, and fish cutting techniques are examined within this review, along with future directions for the fish industry. This paper is expected to generate research initiatives aimed at increasing fish cutting yield, exploring novel product diversification strategies, improving product safety and quality, and providing advanced solutions to engineering difficulties encountered in the fish processing industry.
Containing honey, royal jelly, pollen, and propolis, the honeycomb's complex structure houses a substantial quantity of bioactive substances, such as polyphenols and flavonoids. Favored by many bee product companies in recent years as a new functional food source, honeycomb's potential remains largely untapped due to the scarcity of foundational research. Gender medicine The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the chemical distinctions inherent in the honeycombs of *Apis cerana* (ACC) in comparison to *Apis mellifera* (AMC). Solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME/GC-MS) was used in this paper to examine the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) found in both ACC and AMC. A study of 10 honeycombs unearthed a count of 114 VOCs. In addition, principal component analysis (PCA) indicated a divergence in the chemical composition of ACC and AMC samples. Benzaldhyde, octanal, limonene, ocimene, linalool, terpineol, and decanal were identified as substantial volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in AMC extracts, largely sourced from propolis, according to orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). 2-phenylethanol, phenethyl acetate, isophorone, 4-oxoisophorone, betula, ethyl phenylacetate, ethyl palmitate, and dihydrooxophorone were identified by the OPLS-DA model as possible distinguishing markers for ACC, potentially contributing to hive protection against microbes and maintaining a hygienic environment.
The methodologies for extracting phenolic compounds, using deep eutectic solvents (DES) combined with pectin lyase, were evaluated in this research paper. The chemical composition of citrus pomace was examined, and seven distinct DES extraction procedures were developed. find more Two separate extraction procedures were performed. At 40°C and 60°C, and using solely DESs, Group 1 extractions were performed with both CPWP (Citrus pomace with pectin) and CPNP (Citrus pomace no pectin). The DES in group 2 was coupled with pectinlyase, exclusively with CPWP at 60°C, and employed in two extraction methodologies: E1S and E2E. The extracts underwent evaluation using total phenolic content (TPC), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of individual phenolic components, and antioxidant capacity assessments employing the DPPH and FRAP methods. Extracting CPWP samples in group 1 at 60°C resulted in the highest phenolic compound concentration measured at 5592 ± 279 mg/100 g DM. DM had a TE content of 2139 moles per gram. The research study unveiled the outstanding extractive potential of DES in the flavonoid extraction process from citrus pomace. E2S analysis of DES 1 and 5 samples indicated the maximum levels of phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity, predominantly when co-occurring with pectinlyase.
As local and short food chains have expanded, so too has the popularity of artisanal pasta, made from wheat or underutilized cereal flours. The variability in the final product of artisanal pasta is directly correlated to the differing raw materials and manufacturing processes used by individual makers. This study explores the physicochemical and sensory properties intrinsic to artisanal durum wheat pasta products. A selection of seven fusilli pasta brands, produced in Occitanie, France, was scrutinized, focusing on their physicochemical makeup (protein and ash content in dried form), cooking behavior (optimal time, water absorption, and loss during cooking), sensory characteristics (Pivot profile), and consumer perception. Partial explanations for the variations in pasta properties after cooking can be found in the disparities of physicochemical characteristics within the dry pasta samples. Pasta brand Pivot profiles varied, yet no pronounced differences in the associated hedonic qualities were identified. As far as we are aware, this marks the initial occasion for characterizing artisanal pasta, produced from flour, in terms of its physicochemical and sensory properties, which serves to emphasize the wide array of goods available.
The defining feature of neurodegenerative diseases is a substantial and selective loss of neurons, which can prove lethal. As an environmental pollutant found everywhere, acrolein is categorized by the EPA as a contaminant that requires urgent prioritized control. Available evidence supports the assertion that acrolein, a highly reactive unsaturated aldehyde, is related to many nervous system disorders. pediatric infection Therefore, numerous investigations have been undertaken to understand acrolein's participation in neurodegenerative conditions, including ischemic stroke, AD, PD, and MS, and its precise regulatory process. A key mechanism through which acrolein contributes to neurodegenerative diseases is by boosting oxidative stress, interfering with polyamine metabolism, causing neuronal damage, and increasing plasma ACR-PC levels, all while decreasing urinary 3-HPMA and plasma GSH levels. Currently, acrolein's protective mechanisms are primarily centered on the application of antioxidant compounds. This review sought to detail acrolein's contribution to four neurodegenerative diseases – ischemic stroke, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and multiple sclerosis. It also discussed strategies to counter its effects and put forward future directions for inhibiting acrolein toxicity through the refinement of food processing and the exploration of natural products.
The health benefits of cinnamon polyphenols are frequently cited. Nevertheless, the beneficial effects hinge upon the method of extraction and their bioavailability following digestion. Hot water extraction served as the method for isolating cinnamon bark polyphenols, which were then subjected to an in vitro enzymatic digestion. Following an initial assessment of total polyphenols and flavonoids in the extract (52005 ± 1743 gGAeq/mg and 29477 ± 1983 gCATeq/mg powder extract, respectively), antimicrobial activity was found solely against Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis, with minimum inhibition growth concentrations of 2 and 13 mg/mL, respectively. In vitro digestion of the extract, however, eliminated this activity. In vitro digested cinnamon bark extract, when used as a substrate, positively impacted the growth of probiotic Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium strains, with substantial growth of up to 4 x 10^8 CFU/mL, highlighting its prebiotic potential. Subsequently, the broth cultures were processed to isolate SCFAs and other secondary metabolites, which were then characterized via GC-MSD analysis. The effect of two concentrations (23 and 46 gGAeq/mL) of cinnamon extract, its digested counterpart, and the resultant secondary metabolites when exposed to the extract or its digestive product, on the viability of healthy and tumor colorectal cell lines (CCD841 and SW480) was examined, showcasing positive protective effects against a tumorigenic state.